Compare the pathogens discussed in the previous chapters with zoonotic pathogens.
- Discuss what the different characteristics are
- Describe how they cause disease
- Explain the transmission processes.
Microbiology
FUNDAMENTALS
A Clinical Approach
Third Edition
Marjorie Kelly Cowan
&
Heidi Smith
with
Jennifer Lusk
BSN RN CCRN
©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 14
Disorders in Immunity
©McGraw-Hill Education
Learning Outcomes Section 14.1
Define immunopathology, and describe the two major categories of immune dysfunction.
Identify the four major categories of hypersensitivities, or overreactions to antigens.
©McGraw-Hill Education
Immune Response: A Two-Sided Coin(1)
The human immune system is powerful and intricate, with the potential to cause injury and disease
Defects in the immune system can range from hay fever to dermatitis
Abnormal immune functions are involved in:
Asthma
Anaphylaxis
Diabetes
Rheumatoid arthritis
Graft rejection
©McGraw-Hill Education
Immune Response(2)
Immunopathology: the study of disease states associated with the overreactivity or underreactivity of the immune response
Hypersensitivity or overreactivity:
Allergy and autoimmunity
Tissues are attacked by immunologic functions that cannot distinguish between self and nonself
Hyposensitivity or immunodeficiency:
Immune system is incompletely developed, suppressed, or destroyed
©McGraw-Hill Education
Disorders of the Immune System
Courtesy Baylor College of Medicine, Public Affairs (primary); ©McGraw-Hill Education/Christopher Kerrigan, photographer (secondary); ©Pixtal/age fotostock (type I); ©Roc Canals Photography/Getty Images (type II); ©Dynamic Graphics/JupiterImages (type III); ©BW Folsom/Shutterstock (type IV)
©McGraw-Hill Education
Hypersensitivity: Four Types
Type I: “common” allergy and anaphylaxis
Type II: IgG- and IgM-mediated cell damage
Type III: immune complex
Type IV: T-cell response
| Type | Systems and Mechanisms Involved | Examples | |||||||||||||
| I | Immediate hypersensitivity | IgE-mediated; involves mast cells, basophils, and allergic mediators | Anaphylaxis, allergies such as hay fever, asthma | ||||||||||||
| II | Antibody-mediated | IgG, IgM antibodies act upon cells with complement and cause cell lysis; includes some autoimmune diseases | Blood group incompatibility; pernicious anemia;
Microbiology Marjorie Kelly Cowan & Heidi Smith with Jennifer Lusk BSN RN CCRN ©McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Authorized only for instructor use in the classroom. No reproduction or further distribution permitted without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 14 Disorders in Immunity ©McGraw-Hill Education Learning Outcomes Section 14.1 Define immunopathology, and describe the two major categories of immune dysfunction. Identify the four major categories of hypersensitivities, or overreactions to antigens. ©McGraw-Hill Education Immune Response: A Two-Sided Coin(1) The human immune system is powerful and intricate, with the potential to cause injury and disease Defects in the immune system can range from hay fever to dermatitis Abnormal immune functions are involved in: Asthma Anaphylaxis Diabetes Rheumatoid arthritis Graft rejection ©McGraw-Hill Education Immune Response(2) Immunopathology: the study of disease states associated with the overreactivity or underreactivity of the immune response Hypersensitivity or overreactivity: Allergy and autoimmunity Tissues are attacked by immunologic functions that cannot distinguish between self and nonself Hyposensitivity or immunodeficiency: Immune system is incompletely developed, suppressed, or destroyed ©McGraw-Hill Education Disorders of the Immune System Courtesy Baylor College of Medicine, Public Affairs (primary); ©McGraw-Hill Education/Christopher Kerrigan, photographer (secondary); ©Pixtal/age fotostock (type I); ©Roc Canals Photography/Getty Images (type II); ©Dynamic Graphics/JupiterImages (type III); ©BW Folsom/Shutterstock (type IV) ©McGraw-Hill Education Hypersensitivity: Four Types Type I: “common” allergy and anaphylaxis Type II: IgG- and IgM-mediated cell damage Type III: immune complex Type IV: T-cell response
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