* Begin by selecting a topic in nursing posted below that is of interest to you. Next, use PICOT to format a research question about that topic. Provide 1 PICOT research question. Find 1 quantitative or qualitative peer-reviewed research article related to your nursing topic that was published within the last 5 years. Reminder: All peer-reviewed research articles have methods, discussion, and results sections.
* Posted below is an example of a PICOT research question. Please use it to help with the question.
Include the following:
- Title page
- Provide a brief description of the topic and background information. You can use your peer-reviewed journal or the Evidence-Based Practice care sheets in CINAHL or Nursing Reference Center Database.
- Explain the significance of the topic to nursing practice. Background information can be found in journal articles in the introduction section. Results and conclusions will speak to the significance of the topic. The EBP care sheets posted below may have sources for you to choose from.
- Provide 1 clearly-stated PICOT question.
Include 1 peer-reviewed journal source related to your topic.
* These are the nursing topics to choose from.
Falls, Accidental: Resulting in Injury
Medication Errors: Distractions and Interruptions
Alarm Fatigue and Patient Safety
Pressure Injury: Prevention
Handoff: Patient Safety
Hospital Readmissions
Nursing Staffing and Patient Safety: Shiftwork
CAUTI
CLABSI
ICU Acquired Delirium
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Venous thromboembolism
Diabetes
- There will be a point deduction if a peer-reviewed research journal article within the last 5 years is not used and a point deduction if the article is not included with your submission.
Adapted from the PICOT Questions Template; Ellen Fineout-Overholt, 2006. This form may be used for educational & research purposes without permission.
Template
for
Asking
PICOT
Questions
INTERVENTION
In
____________________(P),
how
does
____________________
(I)
compared
to
____________________(C)
affect
_____________________(O)
within
___________(T)?
THERAPY
In
__________________(P),
what
is
the
effect
of
__________________(I)
compared
to
_____________
(C)
on
________________(O
within
_____________(T)?
PROGNOSIS/PREDICTION
In
______________
(P),
how
does
___________________
(I)
compared
to
_____________(C)
influence
__________________
(O)
over
_______________
(T)?
DIAGNOSIS
OR
DIAGNOSTIC
TEST
In
___________________(P)
are/is
____________________(I)
compared
with
_______________________(C)
more
accurate
in
diagnosing
_________________(O)?
ETIOLOGY
Are____________________
(P),
who
have
____________________
(I)
compared
with
those
without
____________________(C)
at
____________
risk
for/of
____________________(O)
over
________________(T)?
MEANING
How
do
_______________________
(P)
with
_______________________
(I)
perceive
_______________________
(O)
during
________________(T)?
Adapted from the PICOT Questions Template; Ellen Fineout-Overholt, 2006. This form may be used for educational & research purposes without permission.
Short
Definitions
of
Different
Types
of
Questions
Intervention/Therapy:
Questions
addressing
the
treatment
of
an
illness
or
disability.
Etiology:
Questions
addressing
the
causes
or
origins
of
disease
(i.e.,
factors
that
produce
or
predispose
toward
a
certain
disease
or
disorder).
Diagnosis:
Questions
addressing
the
act
or
process
of
identifying
or
determining
the
nature
and
cause
of
a
disease
or
injury
through
evaluation.
Prognosis/Prediction:
Questions
addressing
the
prediction
of
the
course
of
a
disease.
Meaning:
Questions
addressing
how
one
experiences
a
phenomenon.
Sample
Questions:
Intervention:
In
African-‐American
female
adolescents
with
hepatitis
B
(P),
2
The Clinical Issue and Research Question Developed Using PICOT: Pressure injury prevention.
Eliane NShirimbere
West Coast University
NUR 350: Research in Nursing
Professor Melissa Soileau
04/23/2023
Introduction
Over the past few years, wound pressure injuries have been referred to under various titles. Formerly known as pressure ulcers, decubitus ulcers, or bed sores, these wounds are now more generally called pressure injuries. They were called bed sores in the past (Haavisto et al., 2022). A pressure injury can cause damage and severe complication, so it is crucial to prevent it for patients’ safety.
Description
This paper will discuss why protecting older people with restricted mobility from developing pressure injuries is crucial. Patients of advanced age who are bedridden throughout their hospital stay or long-term facilities are at increased risk for developing pressure injuries. Ulcers can slow a person’s effective recovery and cause pain and infections. Persistent pressure injuries may cause emotional problems in some patients
. Some measures must be considered to protect and ensure the safety of the patients.
Background information
Pressure injuries refer to the breakdown of the skin’s integrity due to certain types of pressure that are not released. This may occur when a bony part of the body sustains pressure injury due to coming into touch with an external surface. These wounds are the result of many different mechanisms and etiologies, and they result in the disruption of the typical structure and function of the skin and the surrounding soft tissue. Pressure damage can happen because of several internal and external risk factors: infection and chronic diseases such as diabetes. Also, Aging, immobility, deficiency in nutrition, hypoxia, friction, long-term use of the device, and decreased mental health awareness might affect wound healing. Moisture also contributes to skin injuries typically caused by urinary incontinence (Cahill, 2020).
The primary prevention strategy for preventing pressure injury begins with nurses.
Significance of the topic to nursing
Preventing pressure injuries is crucial to nursing; Avoiding life-threatening consequences requires pressure ulcer prevention and treatment. While the entire clinical team is involved in preventing pressure injuries, the nurses typ
EVIDENCE-
BASED CARE
SHEET
Authors
Carita Caple, RN, BSN, MSHS
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Tanja Schub, BS
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Reviewers
Darlene Strayer, RN, MBA
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Arsi L. Karakashian, RN, BSN
Armenian American Medical Society of
California
Nursing Practice Council
Glendale Adventist Medical Center,
Glendale, CA
Editor
Diane Pravikoff, RN, PhD, FAAN
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
February 9, 2018
Published by Cinahl Information Systems, a division of EBSCO Information Services. Copyright©2018, Cinahl Information Systems. All rights
reserved. No part of this may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by
any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cinahl Information Systems accepts no liability for advice
or information given herein or errors/omissions in the text. It is merely intended as a general informational overview of the subject for the healthcare
professional. Cinahl Information Systems, 1509 Wilson Terrace, Glendale, CA 91206
Hand Off: Patient Safety
What We Know
› Transfer of responsibility between clinicians for patient care is commonly referred to
as “hand off,” “sign over,” or “shift report.” The objective of a hand off is to provide
accurate and effective communication about the patient’s health status, prescribed
treatment, and anticipated clinical events, as appropriate, in order to maintain patient
safety and promote continuity of care(4,8)
• Types of transfer include intra-hospital and inter-facilitytransfers(4,8,9)
–The most common type of intra-hospital clinician hand offs are those related to(4,9)
– a change in nursing personnel between work shifts(4)
– change in physician care(4)
– interdisciplinary personnel changes (e.g., anesthesiologist hand off to the
post-anesthesiacare unit [PACU] nurse)(4,9)
– intra-facility changes in level of care (e.g., hand off when patients are transported
from the emergency department [ED] to an inpatient unit or the operating room
[OR])(4)
–Common inter-facility transfers include those occurring between hospitals, to or from a
skilled nursing facility, or from care in the inpatient setting to home health care(4)
› The nature of hand offs exposes patients to increased safety risk and the potential for
adverse events, including patient misidentification, inappropriate and delayed treatment;
delayed medical diagnosis; medication errors; wrong-site surgery (i.e., a term used
to encompass surgery performed on the wrong body part, wrong surgical procedure
performed, or surgery performed on the wrong patient); and insufficient monitoring, all of
which could le
EVIDENCE-
BASED CARE
SHEET
ICD-9
E888
ICD-10
W19
Authors
Tanja Schub, BS
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Helle Heering, RN, CRRN
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Reviewers
Darlene Strayer, RN, MBA
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
JenniferEdit Kornusky, RN, MS
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Nursing Practice Council
Glendale Adventist Medical Center,
Glendale, CA
Editor
Diane Pravikoff, RN, PhD, FAAN
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
August 20, 2021
Published by Cinahl Information Systems, a division of EBSCO Information Services. Copyright©2021, Cinahl Information Systems. All rights
reserved. No part of this may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by
any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cinahl Information Systems accepts no liability for advice
or information given herein or errors/omissions in the text. It is merely intended as a general informational overview of the subject for the healthcare
professional. Cinahl Information Systems, 1509 Wilson Terrace, Glendale, CA 91206
Falls, Accidental: Resulting in Injury
What We Know
› A fall is defined as an event in which a person unintentionally drops from an upright or
other fixed, secure position to a lower or less erect position on the floor or the ground
for reasons that are not related to sudden onset of a medical condition such as syncope
orseizure(5)
• The incidence of falls and the severity of fall-related complications increase with
advanced age; falls are common in older adults and represent a significant cause of
morbidity and mortality in this patient population(5)
–Each year, approximately 30–40% of community-dwelling older adults and 50% of
nursing home residents fall at least once(5)
–More than half of falls result in injury, most of which are not serious (e.g., abrasions,
contusions)(5)
– However, falls can result in serious injury (e.g., hip fracture, head and internal injury,
lacerations) and fall-related injuries account for about 5% of hospitalizations of older
adults(5)
– In the U.S. in 2018, falls resulted in an estimated 3 million ED visits and more than
950,000 hospitalizations or interfacility transfers(4)
–Falls are an important cause of immobility and dependence; indeed falls contribute to
more than 40% of nursing home admissions(5)
–Falls represent the leading cause of accidental death and the 7th leading cause of death
in persons aged 65 years and older(4,5)
– In 2018, falls accounted for approximately 32,000 deaths in older adults in the U.S.(4)
–After falling once, fear of falling again is common, and severe complications related to
falling can
EVIDENCE-
BASED CARE
SHEET
ICD-10
E11
Authors
Helle Heering, RN, CRRN
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Jeanne Parks-Chapman, RN, BSN
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Reviewers
Teresa-Lynn Spears, RN, MSN
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Alysia Gilreath-Osoff, RN, MSN
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Nursing Practice Council
Glendale Adventist Medical Center,
Glendale, CA
Editor
Diane Hanson, MM, BSN, RN, FNAP
July 16, 2021
Published by Cinahl Information Systems, a division of EBSCO Information Services. Copyright©2021, Cinahl Information Systems. All rights
reserved. No part of this may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by
any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cinahl Information Systems accepts no liability for advice
or information given herein or errors/omissions in the text. It is merely intended as a general informational overview of the subject for the healthcare
professional. Cinahl Information Systems, 1509 Wilson Terrace, Glendale, CA 91206
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: Prevention
What We Know
› Diabetes mellitus, type 2 (DM2; formerly called non-insulin dependent diabetes and
adult-onset diabetes) is a chronic, multisystem metabolic syndrome of gradual onset
characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insufficient body tissue response to insulin
(i.e., insulin resistance) and impaired pancreatic production of insulin. Microvascular
disease is commonly present at diagnosis, and serious complications (e.g., cardiovascular
and renal disease) occur even in patients with DM2 who receive intensive treatment for
DM2. (1,5,12) (For more information, see Quick Lesson About … Diabetes Mellitus, Type
2 )
• The rapidly increasing prevalence of DM2 is believed to be a result of lifestyle-related
changes in diet and physical activity(21)
–The World Health Organization reports an estimated 422 million adults living with
diabetes in 2014 which is 8.5% of the adult population(21)
– In 2018, an estimated 34.5% of adults, or 88 million individuals, in the United
States had “prediabetes,” (5) which is defined as impaired fasting glucose (IFG; i.e.,
fasting plasma glucose of 100–125 mg/dL), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; i.e.,
2-hour plasma glucose value after a 75-gramoral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] of
140–199mg/dL); and/or elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c; 5.7–6.4%)(1)
– Persons with prediabetes are at relatively high risk for developing DM2(15)
› The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends screening for DM2 and
prediabetes beginning at age 45 or earlier in patients who are overweight or obese (i.e.,
body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m2) and have one or more additional risk
EVIDENCE-
BASED CARE
SHEET
Authors
Hillary Mennella, DNP, ANCC-BC
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Penny March, PsyD
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Reviewers
Obiamaka Oji, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
Nursing Executive Practice Council
Glendale Adventist Medical Center,
Glendale, CA
Editor
Diane Pravikoff, RN, PhD, FAAN
Cinahl Information Systems, Glendale, CA
June 29, 2018
Published by Cinahl Information Systems, a division of EBSCO Information Services. Copyright©2018, Cinahl Information Systems. All rights
reserved. No part of this may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by
any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cinahl Information Systems accepts no liability for advice
or information given herein or errors/omissions in the text. It is merely intended as a general informational overview of the subject for the healthcare
professional. Cinahl Information Systems, 1509 Wilson Terrace, Glendale, CA 91206
Alarm Fatigue and Patient Safety
What We Know
› Technologic advances during the past 25 years have contributed to widespread use in the
clinical setting of monitoring equipment and medical devices with built-in audible alarms
and predetermined normal parameters. Although it is known that distinguishing between
more than 6 different alarm sounds is difficult,healthcare clinicians are expected to be
able to identify the different sounds of each alarm and react appropriately. Currently, there
is no standardization of alarm sounds from manufacturers of monitoring equipment and
medical devices(2,3,5,6,7,9,11)
• Alarm fatigue is defined as sensory overload as a result of hearing numerous alarm
sounds. Many alarms sound similar and it is estimated that over 90% of alarms are false,
or “nuisance,” alarms that do not require clinical intervention. As a result, healthcare
clinicians can become desensitized to alarm sounds, are slower to respond to alarms, and
may develop a false sense of security regarding patient safety. Alarm fatigue contributes
to system failures and increases the risk for patient harm and death(2,3,5,6,7,9,11)
–According to researchers in a study on the current situation of clinical alarms in
intensive care units (ICUs), nurses reported fatigue due to frequent clinical and false
alarms, leading to reduced response and attention to alarms in the ICU(5)
• Monitoring equipment and medical devices that frequently contribute to alarm fatigue
include bed and chair alarms; patient call systems; EKG machines; infusion and IV
pumps; wound vacuum, sequential compression, pulse oximetry, diabetes-related,
and feeding devices; electronic fetal, vital sign, and central station monitors; an
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